| V. List File Format The ASEM-51 list file format has been designed to give the user as much information about the generated code as possible. Besides the source code listed, there are five basic layout structures in the listing: the page header the file header the line headings the error diagnosis the symbol table or cross-reference listing Normally, every page of the listing starts with a page header as shown below:
    ASEM-51 V1.3              Copyright (c) 2002 by W.W. Heinz               PAGE 1
It identifies the assembler, contains the copyright information and shows the actual page number at the right margin. After the page header, source lines are output in the list file format. When the maximum number of lines per page is reached, another page header is output after a form feed character. If your printer doesn't support form feeds, the page header can be suppressed with the $NOPAGING control. The number of lines per page can be adjusted to the paper format with the $PAGELENGTH control. The width of the page header (and all other lines) can be set with the $PAGEWIDTH control. The file header appears only on the first page. It identifies the assembler, lists all input and output files and marks the columns for the line headings. A typical file header is looking as shown below:
           MCS-51 Family Macro Assembler   A S E M - 5 1   V 1.3
           =====================================================

            Source File:    demo.a51
            Object File:    demo.hex
            List File:      demo.lst

     Line  I  Addr  Code            Source
Directly after the file header starts the listing of the source code lines. Every source code line is preceded by a line heading. The line heading consists of four columns: line number, include file or macro level, line address, and generated code. By default the line headings contain tab characters to save disk space. If your printer or file browser doesn't support tabs, they can be expanded to blanks with the $NOTABS control. The column "Line" contains the global line number. It is not necessarily the local line number within the particular source file, but a global line number that is counted over the main source, all include files, and all macro expansion lines. Since include files and macros can be nested arbitrarily, the global line number is terminated by a ':' character for the main source and all include file levels, and with a '+' character for macro expansion levels. The column "I" flags the level of include file or macro nesting. In the main source, this column is empty. The first include file gets level 1. If this include file includes another include file, this one gets level 2, and so on. This is also valid for nested macro calls. If a macro is called in the main source, its expansion lines get level 1. If this macro calls another one, it gets level 2, and so forth. Include file and macro levels can be nested in any sequence and to any depth! The column "Addr" shows the start address of the listed line in the currently active segment (8051 address space). All addresses are represented as hex numbers. The addresses in the CODE and XDATA segments are four-digit numbers. Addresses in all other segments are two-digit numbers. For lines that cannot be assigned to a particular segment, the "Addr" field is left blank. The "Code" column may contain up to four bytes of generated code, which is sufficient for all 8051 instructions. The code is listed in hex byte quantities starting from the left margin of the "Code" column. However, the code generated for DB and DW instructions may be longer than four bytes. In these cases, the source code line is followed by additional line headings until the whole code of the line is listed. The "Code" column does not always contain code that consumes space in the 8051 CODE segment. In contrast to many other assemblers, ASEM-51 lists the evaluation results of all expressions that may appear in pseudo instructions or assembler controls. These values are listed in hex representation at the right margin of the "Code" column. The segment type of those expressions is flagged with one single character at the left margin of the "Code" column:
                C         CODE
                D         DATA
                I         IDATA
                X         XDATA
                B         BIT
                N         typeless number
                R         register
The "Source" column finally contains the original source code line. A typical source code listing is looking as follows:
     Line  I  Addr  Code            Source

        1:                                  ;A sample List File Demo Program
        2:                                  ;-------------------------------
        3:                          $NOMOD51                 ;no 8051 SFR
        4:          N      004F     $PAGEWIDTH (79)          ;79 columns per line
        5:                          $NOTABS                  ;expand tabs
        6:          N        90             P1    DATA 090H  ;port 1 address
        7:          B        93             INPUT BIT  P1.3  ;pulse input
        8:
        9:          N      8000             ORG  08000H      ;set location counter
       10:    8000  80 20                   SJMP START       ;jump to start address
       11:
       12:    8002  01 07                   DB  1,7          ;define bytes
       13:    8004  00 02 00 0C             DW  2,12,9       ;define words
              8008  00 09
       14:    800A  63 6F 66 66             DB  'coffeeright (c) 2002',0    ;string
              800E  65 65 72 69
              8012  67 68 74 20
              8016  28 63 29 20
              801A  32 30 30 32
              801E  00
       15:    801F  N      0003             DS  3            ;define space
       16:
       17:    8022  75 30 00        START:  MOV COUNT,#0     ;reset counter
       18:    8025  30 93 FD        LLEVEL: JNB INPUT,LLEVEL ;wait for high
       19:    8028  20 93 FD        HLEVEL: JB  INPUT,HLEVEL ;wait for low
       20:    802B  05 30                   INC COUNT        ;count pulse
       21:    802D  80 F6                   JMP LLEVEL       ;next pulse
       22:
       23:          N        30             DSEG AT 030H     ;internal RAM
       24:      30  N        01     COUNT:  DS 1             ;counter variable
       25:
       26:                                  END
If an error is detected in a source line, its position is flagged with a ^ character as good as possible, and a comprehensive error message is inserted. This is looking as shown below:
       17:    8022  75 30 00        START:  MOV COUNT,#0     ;reset counter
       18:    8025  30 93 FD        LLEVEL: JNB INPUT,LLEVEL ;wait for high
       19:    8028  20 93 00        HLEVEL: JB  INPUT,HLEUEL ;wait for low
                                                      ^
                              @@@@@ symbol not defined @@@@@

       20:    802B  05 30                   INC COUNT        ;count pulse
       21:    802D  80 F6                   JMP LLEVEL       ;next pulse
The error diagnosis at the end of program lists the register banks used, and the total number of errors detected throughout the assembly:
                    register banks used:  0, 1, 3

                    187 errors detected
A register bank counts as "used", if the program had switched to that bank with a USING instruction, or one of the special assembler symbols AR0 ... AR7 has been used, while the bank was active. The message
                    register banks used:  ---
means, that no bank has been used explicitly, and that the program code may, but need not, be register bank independent. After the source code listing and error diagnosis, the symbol table or cross-reference listing starts. By default, a symbol table is generated. The symbol table lists all the symbols of a program in alphabetical order with their symbol name, segment type, hex value and first definition line. Predefined symbols are listed without a definition line number. The symbol table listing can be suppressed with the $NOSYMBOLS control. A typical symbol table listing is looking as shown below:
                   L I S T   O F   S Y M B O L S
                   =============================

    SYMBOL                            TYPE     VALUE        LINE
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    AKKUM                             REGISTER     A          38
    COUNT                             DATA        30          47
    HLEVEL                            CODE      802E          35
    INPUT                             BIT         93          12
    LLEVEL                            CODE      802B          34
    MY_PROGRAM                        MODULE                  14
    P1                                DATA        90
    QUANT                             NUMBER    0013          22
    RECEIVE                           MACRO                    5
    SP                                DATA        81
    STACK                             IDATA       80          17
    START                             CODE      8022          31
    VOLTDC                            XDATA     D785          50
If the $XREF control is specified, a cross-reference listing is generated instead of a symbol table. The corresponding cross-reference listing for the symbol table above is looking as follows:
                   C R O S S - R E F E R E N C E - L I S T I N G
                   =============================================

    SYMBOL                           TYPE     VALUE     DEFINED  REFERENCED
    -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    AKKUM                            REGISTER     A          38          42      43
    COUNT                            DATA        30          47          32      40
                                                                         43      44
    HLEVEL                           CODE      802E          35          35
    INPUT                            BIT         93          12          34      35
    LLEVEL                           CODE      802B          34          34      41
    MY_PROGRAM                       MODULE                  14
    P1                               DATA        90                      12
    QUANT                            NUMBER    0007          22          44
                                     NUMBER    0013          37
    RECEIVE                          MACRO                    5
    SP                               DATA        81                      31
    STACK                            IDATA       80          17          31
    START                            CODE      8022          31          24
    TRASH                            undef.    ----                      42
    VOLTDC                           XDATA     D785          50          33
It lists all the symbols of the program in alphabetical order, with their symbol name, all definitions including definition lines, segment types, and numerical values. Furthermore, all symbol references are listed as well. The SYMBOL column contains the symbol name, while the columns TYPE, VALUE, and DEFINED may contain the segment types, numerical values, and definition lines of one, more, or no symbol defintions. Register symbols have the symbol type "REGISTER", module names have the symbol type "MODULE", macro names have the symbol type "MACRO", and symbols that have been referenced but not defined, are flagged with "undef." in the TYPE column. Starting from column REFERENCED up to the right margin, there is a number of columns (depending on the page width), containing all line numbers of symbol references (if any). The cross-reference listing does not distinguish, whether multiple definitions of, or references to a particular symbol are legal or not. For this, refer to the error messages in the source listing.